Laboratory performance is only one part of moving an energy system into widespread use.
Materials and manufacturing matter
A device may perform well while depending on scarce inputs, difficult processes or equipment that is not available at industrial scale. Supply chains shape feasibility.
Integration changes the result
Electric grids, buildings and transport systems impose safety, timing and compatibility requirements. Storage, transmission and maintenance may be as important as the core technology.
Measure the full lifecycle
Cost, emissions, land, recycling and reliability should be assessed from production through retirement. Scalable solutions work within real systems, not only controlled demonstrations.